Network Protocol: HTTP, TCP/IP, FTP, PPP, SMTP, Telnet

Network Protocol / Communication Protocol

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In information technology, a protocol is the special set of rules that two or More computer on a network follows to communicate with each other. A protocol defines how computers identify one another on a network and how this information reaches its Final Destination.  A protocol is needs every time we want to perform any task on the network. It may be transferring data or taking a printout on a network printer for accessing the central database. Each network uses different protocols.

Hypertext: Hypertext is the text that is specially coded using a standard coding language called HTML which basically creates hyperlinks. These hyperlinks can be text, graphics, image, sound, and videos that are used to link users to some other file.

Some most common protocols are below:

HTTP

HTTP  is the protocol that is used for transferring hypertext between two computers and it is particularly used on the world wide web. HTTP is a TCP/IP based communication protocol and provides a standard for web browsers and servers to communicate. HTTP is based on the client-server principle. When a connection established between two computers the client computer sends the request to the server and server response to the request.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

This is the simplest and oldest protocol. It is designed for transferring files of any type (ASCII or binary) from one system to another on the internet. FTP is an application protocol that uses the internet's TCP/IP protocols. FTP based on the client-server principle. By giving the FTP command with any remote address we can send and receive files.

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol)

TCP/IP are the two protocols that are used together and they form the backbone protocol of the internet. TCP/IP has two major components TCP and IP.

1. TCP: It breaks the data into packets that the network can handle efficiently. It manages the assembling of a message or file into smaller packets that are transmitted over the internet. It verifies all the packets when they arrived at the destination computer and then reassembles them in proper order. Data can be lost in the intermediate network, so TCP adds supports to detect errors or lost data and to Trigger transmission until the data is correctly and completely received.
2. IP: The internet protocol (IP) handles the address part of each packet so that it reaches the right destination. It gives a distinct address (called an IP address) to each data packet. It checks this address to see where to forward the message and finally they reassembled at the destination.

PPP (Point to Point Protocol)

PPP is a communication protocol used to establish a direct connection between nodes. It connects nodes without using any device or any host. It is used over phone lines and any other physical cable. It basically designed to help communication between two systems through telephone lines.

Telnet

Telnet is the main protocol for creating a connection with a remote machine. It allows us to connect with a remote computer over a TCP/IP network or internet. Once our Telnet client establishes a connection to the remote host our clients become a virtual terminal, allowing us to communicate with the remote host from our computer with whatever privileges you have been granted to the applications and data on the host computer.

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

SMTP is a set of communication protocols that allow the software to transmit an e-mail over the internet. It is a program used for sending emails to other users based on e-mail addresses.